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In order to solve this problem, rail-type mounting bases began to appear in the early 20th century.
To put it simply, the guide rail design is to slide the bottom of the adjusting ring of the sight into the groove on the receiver, and then tighten the screw to increase the lateral friction to fix the sight. It is very convenient to install accessories on this guide rail design. There is no need to drill additional screws on the gun body, and because the guide rail is easier to maintain straight in processing, so as long as the accessories are qualified to ensure that the bottom is fixed at a right angle, it is basically It can ensure the perfect alignment of the front and rear mirror rings. Because this kind of groove was later inspired by the dovetail (dovetail) commonly used by woodworking, the cross section is often made into an inverted trapezoid, which looks like an unfolded bird's tail, so it is called a dovetail rail (in fact, it should be translated as "dovetail" "Or "dovetail" is right), also known as dovetail slot. In fact, most of the rail systems used to install sights and other accessories invented in later generations were dovetail series, including the later Weaver and Picatinny (the edges on both sides were turned into bevels, But the cross section is still a shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom), but now the term "swallowtail" specifically refers to the original inverted wedge dovetail guide with sharp edges and corners.
Dovetail rails are actually very problematic. The first is that there is no uniform standard-because there are many manufacturers of sights, each has its own design specifications, and the size is varied, ranging from 9 mm to 11 mm to 14 mm in width (now there are even more than 20 mm) , And even the size of the wedge angle is not uniform. This makes it a headache if you want to replace a different brand of mirror ring for the same gun. It is often either too large or too small, which makes it difficult to achieve a tight fit. In addition, the dovetail rail is narrow and excessively depends on the friction concentrated near the edge when fixed. , The effective surface area is not enough, making the sighting device easy to loosen when subjected to external force; and the dovetail rail can basically only be used to fix the sighting device, and other accessories cannot be installed. Because of this third problem, the concept of Rail Interface System (RIS)-also known as Rail Accessory System (RAS)-later emerged, trying to provide a multi-compatible standardized accessory platform. The "rails" and "tactical rails" that military fans often talk about now mostly refer to RIS.